Friday, August 28, 2020

The Nature and Nurture Controversy Free Essays

Quickly sum up the ways to deal with the nature and sustain debate. Give two instances of nature and two instances of sustain and clarify their impact on your own turn of events. Assess the effect of each and clarify which you accept had a greater amount of an effect and why. We will compose a custom paper test on The Nature and Nurture Controversy or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Your underlying post must be in any event 300 words long. React to in any event two of your classmates’ posts with basic idea. Cohort reactions must be in any event 100 words long and posted by Day 7. Nature versus.. Sustain is a discussion recommending that our improvement is either from tauter or support. Nature being organic reasons, for example, DNA or it being innate. While Nurture is welcomed on by our condition family, and additionally encounters. It is hard to state one assumes a greater job in my childhood than the other. For instance I have my father’s huge earthy colored eyes yet my perspectives are totally unique in relation to his. I resemble my mom and have a comparative character yet don’t think it is a result of my qualities we are indistinguishable. At that point we have how support Impacted my turn of events. I got pregnant at age 16 and was ordinary since where I inhabited the emulate Los Angles was not unfamiliar to It. Experiencing childhood In a major city, for example, Los Angles you will in general grow up quicker and progressively inclined to spend time with an inappropriate groups. I grew up with my two kin a sibling and a more seasoned sister who are totally different in spite of the fact that we were brought Up in a similar domain. My more seasoned sister completed secondary school on schedule and had her first youngster at age 22. My more youthful sibling additionally completed secondary school on schedule and chose to proceed onto school. Concerning myself I wedded at age 16 and couldn't complete secondary school with my group. Albeit both assume a gigantic job on my character I accept that sustain had a greater impact In my own life. Nature can likewise assume a job In a person’s life, for example, a handicap that was Inherited yet my feeling can be effectively overwhelmed by sustain by Ignoring your incapacity or living a specific way. Whichever way both nature and sustain assume an Important job In ones life paying little mind to which one has a greater Impact. The Nature and Nurture Controversy By Familiars it is a direct result of my qualities we are similar. At that point we have how support affected my time-Los Angles was not unfamiliar to it. Experiencing childhood in a major city, for example, Los Angles despite the fact that we were brought up in a similar situation. My more established sister completed high enormous job on my character I accept that support had a greater impact in my own life. Nature can likewise assume a job in a person’s life, for example, an incapacity that was acquired however my feeling can be effectively overwhelmed by support by overlooking your significant job in ones life paying little mind to which one has a greater effect. Step by step instructions to refer to The Nature and Nurture Controversy, Papers

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Assignment #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

#1 - Assignment Example In light of your reaction, a peruser ought to unmistakably have the option to choose when an element or occasion qualifies as a case of this concept.<br/> Arranged Concept â€A bombed state is a sovereign express that has flopped in giving its residents a portion of the essential conditions like security, instruction and medicinal services generally because of destitution or peevish

Friday, August 21, 2020

Walmart Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Walmart - Research Paper Example Walmart stands recognized among the horde of hopeful associations in light of the fact that the administrators overwhelmingly and normally work together with representatives to improve the strategies and addition more clients. This demonstrates authoritative plans which incorporate such viable instruments improve administration practices of the representatives and cause them to contribute additional time, difficult work, and brainwork in the capacities they perform. Such spurred style administration conveyance exacts an altogether different and new effect on the clients moreover. Aside from authoritative plan, the hierarchical culture of Walmart completely recognizes the significance of both positive hierarchical conduct and decent variety as a method for winning devotion of more clients from different foundation. Every single such part of Walmart’s the board will be dissected in this examination paper and will likewise be contrasted and the administration practices of other e normous retail locations to discover how Walmart partnership figures out how to stand apart of the group. Presentation: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. or then again basically Walmart is an American worldwide retail partnership which runs a huge chain of retail establishments around the globe. The accomplishment of this eminent business company is with the end goal that Fortune 500 has uncovered it to be the world’s third biggest open enterprise. As one of the world’s most renowned organizations, presently more than 2,000,000 workers are secretly utilized at Walmart. It is additionally the biggest staple retailer in the US. There are as of now 8500 stores working in upwards of 15 nations under various names and the head of Walmart has illuminated more designs for development on a worldwide level. While tending to the Wake Forest University understudies as of late, Mike Duke who is the president and CEO of Walmart guaranteed that so as to confront the wild intensity in the presen t worldwide economy and to remain in front of the other respectable national and global associations, Walmart should accelerate its development procedure. In a similar location, Duke declared designs to overcome Africa likewise â€Å"by making a fundamental proposal to purchase Massmart Holdings Ltd† (Daniel). This paper targets investigating writing as a method for discovering what it needs to state on the accomplishment of Walmart and what the executives procedures are utilized by the administration of this organization to fulfill the necessities of the two workers and clients. Job of advancement in continuing business achievement and development: The development of the worldwide Walmart business outside the US is depicted by Duke as completely extraordinary and quickened in setting of building new retail establishments and serving dynamic needs of a various line of clients (Daniel). It is asserted by the Walmart association itself that creative authority, concerned adminis tration, and a profound duty to set aside public’s cash have together given this business a worldwide notoriety because of which it is still in

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Nurse School Essay Samples - How to Make Them More Useful

Nurse School Essay Samples - How to Make Them More UsefulOne of the best things you can do for yourself and your nursing school career is to practice writing essays. This can help your teachable moment last longer and allow you to get a better grasp on the material in your nursing courses. This can also increase your confidence level, as you will see your writing skills develop. In this article I'm going to go over several sample essays and discuss some of the things that they will contain.Many people feel that preparing a good essay requires a lot of time, but most schools are much more lenient with this aspect. In fact, many take this into consideration, but it's never a guarantee that you will get this treatment. You should know that most schools are pretty comfortable with a fair amount of subject matter knowledge. If you haven't had any prior experience in the subjects you will be writing about, then you should definitely consult an experienced tutor to help you understand the c oncepts. In fact, you can always find an experienced teacher's assistant to help you develop the writing skills that you need.Focus on strong writing skills. Good writing has to be concise and informative. Try to make the content fresh and interesting and don't forget to keep it concise. Don't be afraid to express your opinions, but be sure that you also take advantage of your research. This is one of the easiest ways to impress your teaching or tutoring staff and it can lead to some great feedback.Make your writing easy to understand. The information you write must be concise, clear, and appropriate for the subject matter at hand. There's no sense getting something wrong when you know how to communicate it. Many teachers and tutors have a hard time understanding jargon so if you want your essay to get through, you need to make it as simple as possible.Always try to use the appropriate adjective when describing a subject. There's nothing worse than a little bit of your credibility b eing questioned because of poor writing. Although you don't want to make too many mistakes, you do want to avoid using inappropriate adjectives or keyword structures that sound too general.Make sure you provide the right information. Most readers are very slow to understand the information in an essay and this can lead to some bad feedback. You need to do everything you can to ensure that your writing is error free and as relevant as possible. To be perfectly honest, you don't want to be too general in the subject so that you don't scare the reader off. Also make sure that you include some reference to a bibliography or other resources that you used while writing your essay.Nursing school essay samples are not all the same. It's hard to be consistent with how your education is presented because it's never easy to predict what kind of feedback you're going to get. However, you can improve your chances by keeping in mind the lessons that you've learned in your education and creating e xamples that are easy to understand.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Small Business Research Paper - 776 Words

Should I Outsource My Small Business IT Services? Without question, your small business must leverage technology to thrive, grow and maintain a competitive edge in today’s environment. Depending on the size and nature of your business, outsourcing IT services is a decision that will be unique to your operation and should be approached from both a strategic and tactical perspective. In some cases, small businesses find that there is just not enough demand on a day-to-day basis to justify a full-time role. If you find yourself facing a decision to outsource your small business IT services consider some of the benefits. Small Business IT Services – Why Many Small Businesses Opt to Outsource Cost Savings Controlling costs is typically the†¦show more content†¦24/7/365 Coverage As the complexity of your IT environment grows, so will the volume of problems or issues associated with it. And for any size business, downtime is a concern. And it’s costly. Another common reason why small businesses choose to outsource IT services is access to round-the-clock support without the overhead that you might expect to pay if you hire your own on-call guy. Worries about sick days and vacations are eliminated. Efficiency and Innovation In addition to monitoring systems and troubleshooting problems, an experienced IT solutions provider can serve as a proactive partner and make recommendations on how your company can use technology to its advantage to improve processes, workflows and customer satisfaction. They can also offer advice on future IT requirements best practices. According to a Global Outsourcing Survey from Deloitte, 35% of respondents stated that one of the key benefits of outsourcing that they value is the ability to accelerate their business through innovation. Increased Flexibility Need to get started on a new project right away? Launching a project or implementing new technology may take weeks to get off the ground with an internal team due to the many business-as-usual tasks they must deal with. Outsourcing IT solutions provides the flexibility to scale up or down as needed and the agility to move forward quickly with the experience, knowledge processes necessary toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Small Business Problems Priorities692 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Small Business Problems Priorities Research Paper The following is an analysis of a business research paper written by Bruce D. Phillips for the National Federation of Independent Business Research Foundation in conjunction with Wells Fargo as a resource for individuals looking to start small business endeavors titled, â€Å"Small Business Problems Priorities.† Purpose of the Research Throughout the research paper, Phillips outlines the possible problems, critical issues, and majorRead MoreMgt 401 Week 21447 Words   |  6 PagesGood title page! Business Model Comparison Team A – Kristen Taylor, Velma Mobley, Aaron Ford, Courtney Uchiyama July 8, 2013 MGT/401 Tricia Rosengarten Business Model Comparison Most small businesses require some outside funding. Not many entrepreneurs have enough personal capital to open and maintain funding for a business. To attract investors and attain partnerships, a business owner should consider a business model necessary. This paper will compare two restaurant businessesRead MoreDeveloping A Successful Small Car Business1213 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Project – Outcome Introduction: This report explores upon the concept of how to develop a successful small car business. Small business in Australia: (1 paragraph) Whilst the effective maintenance of small business is critical to the business owner it is also essential to Australia’s economy. 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I will provide a power point presentation in my research paper to also show youRead MoreManagement Activity Analysis in Small and Medium Sized Enterprise and Multinational Companies Context 1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the small and medium enterprises in ensuring its prospect future through growth is not only about doing further business or making more money or acquiring greater kudos through larger size. Where knowledge management maturity is high, there the firms are realizing handsome profits and significant increase in growth. Growth is a strategy that basically addresses the question of unsafe and doubtful environments, with the help of attainment of greater influence over the environment withinRead MoreHow Can Small Businesses Survive in Todays Economy?1078 Words   |  5 PagesHow Can Small Businesses Survive in Today’s Economy? The idea of working for yourself and managing your own time is interesting. Thinking about some advantages of being your own boss, many professional designers are trying to find their place in the market. Discussing when is the best time to start a business, if it’s really worth, and how to get started are relevant issues. When this important decision, there are many view points to consider. Why do people start their own business? Some areRead MoreRisk Analysis for Outsourcing Decisions1466 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the possible risks to an organization in each of the following outsourcing situations: a) the use of an external service provider for your data storage; b) the use of an enterprise service provider for processing information systems applications such as a payroll, human resources, or sales order taking; c) the use of a vendor to support your desktop computers; and d) the use of a vendor to provide network support. The paper will include a risk mitigationRead MoreA Research Study On An Academic Research Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction An academic research involves a comprehensive investigation of theories, principles and decisions criteria among other study materials with an aim of identifying facts and drawing conclusions. Ultimately, there are lots of benefits associated with research in learning as well as in solving real life problems. For instance, it allows for knowledge building through evaluation of existing theories (Webb, 2007). In this case, the researcher is exposed to research work conducted earlier andRead MoreBus 311 Business Law Entire Course Material1611 Words   |  7 PagesBUS 311 Business Law Entire Course Material Follow the link below to purchase http://www.homeworkarena.com/bus-311-business-law-entire-course-material    Visit Website: http://www.homeworkarena.com/ Please contact us for more Tutorial amp; Help (climaxbegin@gmail.com) BUS 311 Week 1 DQ 1 Applying the Law to a Set of Facts    Applying the Law to a Set of Facts.  Read the Hypothetical Case Problem #1 at the end of Chapter 1 and respond to these questions 1. If Javier sued Energy-AutoRead MoreEssay on Professional Organizations Associations1070 Words   |  5 Pageschoose. Professional organizations should also be non-profit seeking to further a particular profession, maintain the interests of individuals engaged in that profession, and have the public interest at heart. It is always a good thing to do research for any group or organization you are about to join. Individuals should make a list of questions before signing on to any professional organization. Questions such as, Will I have to pay for joining the group of for an extended period of time? If

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

`` Always Running, Luis J. Rodriguez - 1454 Words

In Always Running, Luis J. Rodriguez recalls his time growing up in Los Angeles during the 60s and 70s. Rodriguez writes of the hardships that his family had first encountered while trying to assimilate into American society and how he would often, while growing up, be criminalized by his teachers, law enforcement, other people, his peers, his community, and eventually people who cared most for him. Rodriguez recalls the times where he and some friends came together and created a family, a brotherhood of sort, in order to fulfill his need of belonging, but as other people in the community had also formed groups to consolidate power, thus marked the beginning of rivalry and the introduction of gangs. Rodriguez’s gang life had been filled with tragedies and filled with great times, but ultimately he tried to leave the life of crime and commit to an education. Rodriguez tried stepping away from the gang lifestyle by going to school and writing poetry, but ended up back in the lif e of crime after a serious altercation with the police. When Rodriguez went back to his gang lifestyle, he found the same gang that treated him as a brother, had shunned him away after Rodriguez had offered a solution to wither away the gang violence. The way the book was written made the reading a bit hard and unclear, for Rodriguez often would talk about a certain time and the age he was for that specific story, then he would then jump to another age or another story without any kind of transition.Show MoreRelatedFamily Dysfunction, Breeding Future Gang Members1252 Words   |  6 Pagesas a minority with a dysfunctional family setting aide or contribute to joining a gang, therefore continuing the cycle of gang violence and activity? In order to dive deeper into this subject, several references from the internet and Always Running by Luis J. Rodriguez will be stated and discussed. After the discussion of the web articles and passages from the book a solution will be suggested to h elp the misguided youth of America to make better life decisions than just throwing their lives away asRead MoreSummary Of There Running, La Vida Loca By Luis J. Rodriguez Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesand those who have nothing and those in the middle. In Always Running, La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A. by Luis J. Rodriguez, we hear from an outcast of society, a young man so far removed from the opportunity this country promises. Rodriguez spent his formative years living a life of crime, drugs, and sex, completely on the margins of society, not out of choice but out of necessity to survive, being left with limited options. Rodriguez is the tale of many other young Mexican American boys inRead MoreSegregation, By Luis J. Rodriguez1423 Words   |  6 Pagesform of segregation such as: the amount of damaged properties, isolation of the underclass, poverty rising in these areas, the conditions of the city, the lack of retail stores, and employment. Always Running, a memoir by Luis J. Rodriguez, shows different aspects of marginalization through the school s Luis attended, the jobs he sustained, and the neighborhoods he resided . No one should feel as if they are underclass or that they cannot achieve what a superior race can achieve. These segregatedRead MoreJustice, Masculinity, And Race And Crime Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens. Another work that I have personally read myself and found to have similar characteristics is Always Running: La Vida Loca: Gang Days in L.A by Luis J Rodriguez. Like Punished, Always Running is a book about a young Chicano gang member trying to survive the dangerous streets of East Los Angeles, he has witnessed gang violence, shootings, arrests all at a young age. Before long, the young boy Rodriguez saw a way out of the barrio through education and the power of words and successfully broke freeRead MoreLos Angeles And Chicago Angeles3155 Words   |  13 Pagesprobability of being the victim of a gang related crime. Gang related association is a way of survival in Los Angeles. In Always Running: La Vida Loca, Gang Days in L.A. by Luis J. Rodriguez, a former Los Angeles gang member, he eloquently describes his accounts of gang violence based on his own personal experiences. Loyalty is a very important value in the gang culture and Rodriguez illustrates this when he recalls what his friend Miguel Robles said, â€Å"We all taking a pledge, a pledge to be for eachRead MoreRacial Segregation Of Chicago And Explosive Gang Related Crime1671 Words   |  7 Pagesto a proliferation of gangs in Los Angeles and Chicago. This proliferation has led to gang activities in both Los Angeles and Chicago school systems. Race and ethnicity have played a prominent role in gang violence. In Always Running: La Vida Loca, Gang Days in L.A., Luis J. Rodriguez discussed how race was a factor in escalating interracial gang violence in the schools he attended. In Sharkey et al.’s research attempting to link homicide proximity and preschool performance, they concluded a posit iveRead MoreRacial Profiling Against Hispanics And Hispanics Essay1868 Words   |  8 Pagesthan now. In the book â€Å"Always Running† written by Luiz J. Rodriguez was about how he got involved in a gang called â€Å"Lomas.† He wrote how back in the days in California, when going to the beach it was this trend that was barrio people and the beach people or rephrasing it the surfers against beaners. Barrio people would be define as a person who would be able to speak Spanish and beach people would be white people and engabachados- Mexicans trying to be white. One day when Luis and his friends, whichRead MoreRacial Profiling Against Hispanic Profiling1804 Words   |  8 Pagesthe book â€Å"Always Running† written by Luiz J. Rodriguez wrote about before entering a gang and how he got involved in a gang called â€Å"Lomas†. He wrote how back in the days in California, when going to the beach it was this habit that was barrio people and the beach people or rephrasing it the surfers against beaners. Barrio people would define a person who would be able to speak Spanish and beach people would be white people and engabachados- Mexicans trying to be white. One day when Luis and his friendsRead MoreStrategy Management18281 Words   |  74 PagesBrent Gordon Editorial director: Paul Ducham Executive editor: Michael Ablassmeir Executive director of development: Ann Torbert Development editor II: Laura Griffin Editorial coordinator: Andrea Heirendt Vice president and director of marketing: Robin J. Zwettler Marketing director: Amee Mosley Senior marketing manager: Michelle Heaster Vice president of editing, design, and production: Sesha Bolisetty Lead project manager: Harvey Yep Buyer II: Debra R. Sylvester Designer: Matt Diamond Senior photoRead MoreEnhancing Game Theory Strategies And Techniques9102 Words   |  37 PagesUsually D-B method is used when the owner finds out that it is possible to begin constructing before the final design is completed. This way the owner would save time, and remove the design responsibility from him and move it to the contractor (Rodriguez, 2014). Unlike the traditional method, the contractor is tendering for a project that has not been designed completely; hence one of the contractor tasks is to complete the design. Regularly the contractor has to provide an outline design on which

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Relationship Between the Brand Equity and the Sales of Bottled Water Industry in Pakistan free essay sample

This research basically pertains to find out the relationship between the brand equity and the sales of the product. The questionnaire was constructed and the pilot study using 15 respondents from ICBS was carried out to ensure that there were no confusions or ambiguities in the questionnaire. All ambiguities or confusions found were removed before administering the final questionnaire. The questionnaires were divided into two parts. On first of June the questionnaires were administered among half of the sample. The other half of the questionnaires among the remaining samples on 1st July 2007. As our research was basically descriptive in nature, we then quantified the values we were given in the questionnaire results and used them to graph the responses of the elements of the research. The results were then analyzed. Introduction The broad area of the research is related to the currently existing situation in the bottled water industry. As the bottle water industry is flourishing in Pakistan and new competitors are entering the market but still Pure Life has managed to maintain the considerable amount of market share due to its brand equity. The concept of brand is integral to the success of any given product. Brand equity necessarily affects the performance of a product. The concept of brand equity can have a marked effect on the longevity of a products performance. Brand equity is defined as the bundle of intrinsic features/attributes delivered by a branded product or service. It is measured as the price differential someone is willing to pay for a particular branded product or service over an identical product or service that is unbranded. Alternatively, this definition can be re-crafted to state that brand equity is the difference in utility between two products or services that are perceived to deliver an identical set of tangible benefits at the same price. Consumers see a particular brand name as a contract. A brands name may reduce consumers sense of uncertainty, allowing them to purchase, uncertainty reduction, or trust, thus improving their sense of value. Background Nestle have taken a strong interest in Pakistan at a time when the country’s food, drink and retail industries in general are all actually struggling to attract large-scale multinational investments of this nature. Although these companies all have more profitable product categories, which are their primary concerns in more developed markets, in Pakistan a key element of their business strategy at the present time is a strong presence in the increasingly competitive bottled water industry. Should economic growth continue, the introduction of their added-value, more premium products, will simply prove a bonus at a later date? Such investment cannot help but drive bottled water sales in Pakistan, while inflows from multinationals also provide much needed jobs and contribute to essential infrastructural developments in the country. However, there is a huge flipside to these advantages the creation of a population, which can barely afford to spend beyond necessity, reliant on a product that is still considered a luxury item in some of the worlds most developed economies. Pakistan’s response to this dilemma affects not just its population, but its likelihood of establishing itself as a destination for much sought after food, drink and retail industry investment in the future. Literature Review Brand equity is the value built-up in a brand. It is measured based on how much a customer is aware of the brand. The value of a companys brand equity can be calculated by comparing the expected future revenue from the branded product with the expected future revenue from an equivalent non-branded product. This calculation is at best an approximation. This value can comprise both tangible, functional attributes (e. g. TWICE the cleaning power or HALF the fat) and intangible, emotional attributes (e. g. the brand for people with style and good taste). It can be positive or negative. Positive brand equity is created by effective promotion and consistently meeting or exceeding customer thoughts. Negative brand equity is usually the result of bad management. In the early 2000s, the Ford Motor Company made a strategic decision to brand all new or redesigned cars with names starting with F. This aligned with the previous tradition of naming all sport utility vehicles since the Ford Explorer with the letter E. The Toronto Star quoted an analyst who warned that changing the name of the well known Windstar to the Freestar would cause confusion and discard brand equity built up, while a marketing manager believed that a name change would highlight the new redesign. The aging Taurus, which became one of the most significant cars in American auto history, would be abandoned in favor of three entirely new names, all starting with F, the Five Hundred, Freestar and Fusion. By 2007, the Freestar was discontinued without a replacement, and Ford announced record losses. In a surprise announcement, the discarded Taurus nameplate would be re-used on an improved Five Hundred which had disappointing sales and whose nameplate was recognized by less than half of most people, but an overwhelming majority was familiar with the Taurus. Brand Equity and Market Share Very often only the market share of a brand is looked at as a means of determining how successful the brand is. Although market share is of importance in assessing the performance of a brand, its relationship with brand equity is of great significance, as this relationship can be an indication of the potential success of a brand, or alternatively can direct strategy on how to attain such success. The following diagram illustrates the relationship between brand equity and market share: Brand equity and market share are not always proportionate. As can be seen from the diagram, the ideal place for a brand to be situated is in the top-right quadrant. This shows that the brand is successful in that it has a strong brand equity and high market share. However, this may not always be the case. It is possible that a brand may have high brand equity, but may not have an accordingly high market share (top-left quadrant). In order to improve the market share of a brand in cases such as this, regard must then be had to in-store issues such as display, shelf space, distribution etc. Thus, understanding brand equity plays an important role in that it gives an indication of how a brands performance can be improved. Where there is low brand equity and a strong market share (such as the bottom right-hand quadrant), the situation is extremely tenuous. Although the picture may look good owing to the strong market share, the reality is that, with weak brand equity, the product is vulnerable to competitor or other in-market activity. Therefore, measuring only the strong market share does not give the complete picture brand equity must also be considered, and by improving this, the full potential of the brand can be secured. What is Brand Equity? In layman terms brand equity is the value that a consumer attaches to a certain brand. Although brand equity can be measured tangibly by way of certain indicators, a large component of the concept is intangible, i. e. what perceptions and associations people have of a certain brand, and the familiarity of those brands in the mind of the consumer. The diagram below illustrates how brand equity is made up: From the diagram, it is evident that the sources that drive brand equity (brand awareness, consideration and the factors associated with it) will lead to certain outcomes. And the more powerful the sources are, the more significant these outcomes will be. Thus, a strong brand loyalty and ability to command a price premium will lead to resilience against any negative short-term market factors. And this is why brand equity is essential in assessing the performance of a brand: it has the potential to secure the success of the brand against many variable in-market factors. Further, the importance of brand equity is that, by understanding how brand equity drives market share, it is then possible to make use of this knowledge in order to grow the market share of a brand. Understanding the link between brand equity and market share will thus assist marketers in which strategies are required to grow market share. The Benefits of Brand Equity: What are the benefits of strong brand equity? Well, strong brand equity leads to, inter alia, strong market share, customer loyalty, more favorable response to price increases, less vulnerability to competitor activity, brand extension opportunities, and communication messages which reach the consumer. In attaining these benefits, strong brand equity will ensure that a product is of an enduring nature. Ultimately, strong brand equity will improve profitability. To build a winning brand, therefore, is to understand the relationship between brand equity and market share, and to leverage both to their full potential. In so doing, a brand will be successful and sustainable in the long term. It must be kept in mind that increasing market share does not increase brand equity, whereas increasing brand equity invariably leads to increased market share. Another benefit of brand equity is that it’s an asset which can be sold or leased. The importance of brand equity to customer loyalty: Keller (1998) argues that brand equity is unique from customer loyalty, and can be defined as: †¦ the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. He argues that a brand possesses positive customer-based brand equity when customers react more favorably to a (brand identified) product and the way that it is marketed as compared to when it is not. Brands can also possess negative customer-based brand equity, expressed when consumers react less favorably to the marketing activities associated with a brand, as compared to an unnamed or fictitious named version of the product. Keller (1998) further states that one of the characteristics of brands possessing strong brand equity is stronger brand loyalty. This position appears consistent wit that of Aaker (1991) who argued that brand loyalty could be considered both a dimension and an outcome of brand equity. Problem Statement The problem statement of the research is to find out that â€Å"Are pure life sales greater than competitors due to brand equity of Nestle? † Nestle pure life was launched in Pakistan in 1998. The brand now holds a solid position as number 1 in Pakistan by having more than 50 per cent of the countrys small bottled-water market of 33 million liters (35 million quarts) a year. Pure Life is everywhere at roadside stalls, gas stations and rest stops. Its hawked at street corners in traffic-clogged Lahore. Middle-class shoppers buy it by the case in supermarkets. On the remote mountain road leading from Islamabad to the hill town of Murree, Pure Life billboards urge drivers to drive only Nestle Pure Life. At small stores along the way, a flurry of banners proclaim: Pure Safety, Pure Trust. The ideal water. From Nestle with love. As the purchase of the bottled water involves low involvement of consumers therefore factors such as price, packaging and taste are not as important as compared to the brand image of the product. Therefore, the research is conducted to find out whether the equity of a brand affects the sales of the product or not Limitations, Delimitations and Assumptions The concept of brand equity is important to every brand therefore it can be applied to every product in the Pakistani market. For the purpose of simplicity, researchers chose water bottled industry of Pakistan. In this industry Nestle Pure Life was chosen due to the fact that as purchase of bottled water involves low involvement of consumer so the only thing that matters for the consumer is the brand name. Furthermore another reason for choosing Nestle Pure life was that the researchers assumed that the sales of Nestle Pure life were greater than competitors due to brand equity of Nestle. There was another limitation that the researchers would only focus on a particular age group of people i. . people between 20-25 yrs of age. Theoretical Framework In the research the independent variable is brand equity, the dependent variable is sales, whereas there are three intervening variables identified which affect the relationship of independent variable and the dependent variable which are, production capacity, distribution and availability. There is a positive relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable because it’s assumed that the brand equity causes an increase in the sales of a product which is Nestle Pure Life. Coke and Pepsi entered the bottled water industry as their production capacity was 18000 crates but after production of sodas their production plant was idle so they decide to jump in the bottled water. industry. They had the advantage that the industry is developing and consumers are becoming conscious of the importance of pure drinkable water. And their setup was already developed. Their distribution is extensive and they can capture all the consumers who buy their sodas. There is a positive relationship between sales and the intervening variables that are production capacity, distribution and availability. Nestle has an advantage over the other bottled water competitors due to the fact that they are the market leaders and their production and distribution is much more then the other competitors and their production plant and capacity is only used for the bottled water only. Their availability is much more extensive because nestle food products are distributed all over the country and hence they utilize their already developed distribution setup. Hypothesis The hypothesis that the researchers intended to test was the following: â€Å"Pure life sales are greater than competitors due to brand equity of Nestle† Nature of study The type of research is basic or pure because the study aimed to find out the affect of brand equity on sales of Nestle Pure Life and literature review was done to find out the relationship between brand equity and sales and primary study was also conducted by distributing questionnaires to MBA students of various universities. The relationship between the brand equity and sales is also generalizable. No matter what the product is there is always the positive relationship between them. Purpose of Study The purpose of the study is descriptive. The study will help in better understanding of the relationship of brand equity of a product and its sales. It will also help the organizations to make decisions related to brand awareness, brand loyalty and brand preference that will affect the brand equity of a product. It will also help other researchers to work on the similar concept. Throughout the study the researcher interference was minimal as there was no control of researcher on the independent variable which was brand equity. The type of investigation was correlation as the study aimed at finding the relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable. It was a field study done in non contrived settings. Methodology Data Collection The initial data for research was obtained through secondary sources of information, which included internet articles, journals and books. It would not be enough to substantiate the hypothesis; therefore, the data collection technique of questionnaire survey shall be used. Population Our target population consists of business schools students in the age group of 20-25 years using Nestle Pure Life. Sample â€Å"Proportionate stratified random sampling technique† was used for the sample. UniversitiesNumber of Elements Proportionate sampling NCBA250250 * 32% = 80 LSE350350 * 37% = 130 GCU200200 * 25% = 50 Sample Size Out of the total of 800 students the size of the population, the sample was 80 students of National College of Business Administration, 130 Students of Lahore Scholl of Economics and 50 students of Government College University Lahore. The sample sizes were determined using table given by Uma Sekeran, using 90% confidence interval and standard error of 9. 5. Instruments Questionnaires were used as a tool to gather the primary data for the research. The questionnaire consisted of 7 questions and was administered among NCBA, LSE and GCU students. The questionnaire used in this study was a non-standardized instrument constructed solely for the purpose of this study. Copy of the questionnaire is attached in Appendix I in the report. Scale Dichotomous scale was used for five questions. YesNo Category scale was also used. Multiple items were given to elicit a single response from the respondent. From ranking scale forced choice scale was used which enabled the respondents to rank the brands of water bottles according to their preferences. Pilot Study A pilot study using 15 respondents from ICBS was done to ensure that there were no confusions or ambiguities in the questionnaire. All ambiguities or confusions found were removed before administering the final questionnaire. Reliability The reliability of the instruments was ensured through split- half reliability method. The instrument of the study which was questionnaires was divided into two halves. On first of June the questionnaires were administered among 40 NCBA students, 75 LSE students and 25 GCU students. The other half of the questionnaires among the same number of students on 1st July 2007. The reliability test will reflect the correlation between the two halves of the questionnaires. Validity The validity of our instrument was checked by the content and construct validity test. Results Question 1 Do you buy bottled water? Our population included only those elements who are users or buyers of the bottled water. So as the sample is the replica of the population then it can be said that the sample contained all the users or buyers of the bottled water. Question 2 Rank the following brands of water bottles according to your preference. As this question asked to rank the brands in order of preference it helped us to find out what brand people prefer. The results showed that 45% or 117 consumers prefer Nestle Pure life. Aside from that the other preference were 20% or 52 prefer Aqua Fina , 15% or 39 prefer kinley, 13% or 34 prefer Sufi and the least was aqua safe which is 7% or 18. It showed that the highest demand or preference is of Nestle Pure life. The name Nestle Pure Life was used because it is known as Nestle or Nestle Pure Life among people. Question 3 What are the reasons of your preference? This question asks about why the brand is preferred? And what is the reason for there preference? The results showed that 37% or 96 for international brand, 21% or 55 marked companied credibility, 18% or 47 went for quality seal, 11% or 29 marked packaging, 9% or 23 for price and 4% or 10 for certification. By these results we concluded that most people don’t know about quality seal and certification and some brand don’t have them so it wasn’t marked. One aspect was that those who marked nestle as their preferred brand marked international brand and company’s credibility as their reason for preference. Price and packaging was not such a major factor in their reason for the preference. It was only marked by consumers who use aqua safe and Sufi. Question 4 Do you recall any advertisement of your preferred brand? The results showed that 83% or 216 answered yes and 17% or 44 answered no. It showed that one reason of preference was the advertisement showed. Research shows that it has a major impact on people as it repetitive. It leaves the impression and the companies or brands qualities and messages in peoples mind. They do remember and recall it when buying a product. Question 5 How long have you been using your preferred brand? The results showed that most of the people have been using the brand for more than a year 45% or 117. 37% or 96 were using it for a year, 12% or 31 for 6 months and 6% or 16 for a month. The results also showed that most of the people have been using Nestle and Aqua Fina and Sufi and Aqua safe had a few consumers as they have not been using it for so long. Question 6 In your opinion are you brand loyal to your preferred brand? The results showed that 87% or 226 were brand loyal and 13% or 34 were not. The result showed that students are not brand loyal. But it has been observed that when people ask for drinking water they ask for nestle water. We also observed this at super stores that while passing by the water bottle shelves they pick Nestle. This behavior is same as schools and colleges. Question 7 What if your preferred brand is involved in an unethical business or fraud, will you still buy it? The results for this were that 64% or 166 answered as Yes and 36% or 94 answered as No. It showed that if a companied credibility is in doubt people back of from it. It does show a sense of rightness in people and also that for a brand to be successful it’s important that the company should be credible. As brand equity is the goodwill of the company and it’s important for a company to succeed and be reputable. Is also important because now, with media awareness people are becoming more conscious to these factors, so, the companies have to be conscious of these factors. Question 8 Would you prefer a brand which is popular in your social circle? The results of this question were that 55% or 143 answered as Yes and 45% or 117 answered as No. t helped to show that is the preference dependent on the social behaviors. But the result showed that it has a 10 % difference so it is slightly significance. For some people it who look for acceptance from their circle but it’s not that important as it low involvement purchase and it related to thirst which know no boundaries. But for some its status symbol to use bottled water as some peop le don’t care as long as its water. Discussion If the hypothesis is selected it would mean that the brand equity and brand image is important for the customers. They do take it into consideration while buying as its imprinted in their minds. Advertisement helps the customers to see the attributes of the company and the product . It keeps the brand equity in the minds of the customers. If the hypothesis is not substantiated by the questioner’s results, it would mean that some other factors are involved in the greater sales of the brand besides it brand name and the research would have to be conducted again with a new hypothesis. . Conclusions The conclusion of the study is that the Pure Life sales are greater than competitors due to brand equity of Nestle. The company should concentrate on things like brand preference and brand loyalty. They can do this by a lot of advertising and other promotional campaigns like public relations. Brand preference, brand loyalty and trust leads to establishment of brand equity which can be said as goodwill. Implications Brand equity is the customer’s subjective and intangible assessment of the brand, above and beyond its purely perceived value. In a market where many products are rather similar (i. e. commoditization), the brand can have a large effect on whether customers want to buy the product and what price theyre willing to pay. Brands therefore add more and more value to the basic product or service. Example: although a blind test panel taught researchers that most people prefer Pepsi above Coca-Cola, yet Coca-Cola is much stronger on the market. Our research findings shall help marketers understand the relation between brand equity ad sales. We have used Nestle Pure Life as a model for the study to illuminate the same relationship. As mentioned earlier, if there is a relationship between the variables, the marketers need to take it into account while designing their marketing strategies and policies.